#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import socket

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
# 建立连接:
s.connect(('127.0.0.1', 9999))
# 接收欢迎消息:
print(s.recv(1024).decode('utf-8'))
for data in [b'Michael', b'Tracy', b'Sarah']:
    # 发送数据:
    s.send(data)
    print(s.recv(1024).decode('utf-8'))
s.send(b'exit')
s.close()

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import socket
import time
import threading

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)

# 监听端口:
s.bind(('127.0.0.1', 9999))
s.listen(5)
print('Waiting for connection...')

def tcplink(sock, addr):
    print('Accept new connection from %s:%s...' % addr)
    sock.send(b'Welcome!')
    while True:
        data = sock.recv(1024)
        time.sleep(1)
        if not data or data.decode('utf-8') == 'exit':
            break
        sock.send(('Hello, %s!' % data.decode('utf-8')).encode('utf-8'))
    sock.close()
    print('Connection from %s:%s closed.' % addr)

while True:
    # 接受一个新连接:
    sock, addr = s.accept()
    # 创建新线程来处理TCP连接:
    t = threading.Thread(target=tcplink, args=(sock, addr))
    t.start()

Waiting for connection...
Accept new connection from 127.0.0.1:52501...
Connection from 127.0.0.1:52501 closed.

Welcome!
Hello, Michael!
Hello, Tracy!
Hello, Sarah!

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import socket

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
for data in [b'Michael', b'Tracy', b'Sarah']:
    # 发送数据:
    s.sendto(data, ('127.0.0.1', 9999))
    # 接收数据:
    print(s.recv(1024).decode('utf-8'))
s.close()


#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import socket

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
# 绑定端口:
s.bind(('127.0.0.1', 9999))
print('Bind UDP on 9999...')

while True:
    # 接收数据:
    data, addr = s.recvfrom(1024)
    print('Received from %s:%s.' % addr)
    s.sendto(b'Hello, %s! ' % data, addr)

Bind UDP on 9999...
Received from 127.0.0.1:58248.
Received from 127.0.0.1:58248.
Received from 127.0.0.1:58248.

Hello, Michael! 
Hello, Tracy! 
Hello, Sarah!

test = '用户输入的字符串'
if re.match(r'正则表达式', test):
    print('ok')
else:
    print('failed')

>>> re.split(r'\s+', 'a b   c')
['a', 'b', 'c']

>>> m = re.match(r'^(\d{3})-(\d{3,8})$', '010-12345')
>>> m
<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 9), match='010-12345'>
>>> m.group(0)
'010-12345'
>>> m.group(1)
'010'
>>> m.group(2)
'12345'

>>> re.match(r'^(\d+)(0*)$', '102300').groups()
('102300', '')

由于\d+采用贪婪匹配，直接把后面的0全部匹配了，结果0*只能匹配空字符串了。必须让\d+采用非贪婪匹配（也就是尽可能少匹配），才能把后面的0匹配出来，加个?就可以让\d+采用非贪婪匹配:

>>> re.match(r'^(\d+?)(0*)$', '102300').groups()
('1023', '00')

>>> import re
# 编译:
>>> re_telephone = re.compile(r'^(\d{3})-(\d{3,8})$')
# 使用：
>>> re_telephone.match('010-12345').groups()
('010', '12345')
>>> re_telephone.match('010-8086').groups()
('010', '8086')

from random import randint
from time import time, sleep


def download_task(filename):
    print('开始下载%s...' % filename)
    time_to_download = randint(5, 10)
    sleep(time_to_download)
    print('%s下载完成! 耗费了%d秒' % (filename, time_to_download))


def main():
    start = time()
    download_task('Python从入门到进坑.pdf')
    download_task('Peking Hot.avi')
    end = time()
    print('总共耗费了%.2f秒.' % (end - start))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
    
    
运行结果：
开始下载 Python从入门到进坑.pdf...
Python从入门到住院.pdf下载完成! 耗费了6秒
开始下载 Peking Hot.avi...
Peking Hot.avi下载完成! 耗费了7秒
总共耗费了13.01秒.

from multiprocessing import Process
from os import getpid
from random import randint
from time import time, sleep


def download_task(filename):
    print('启动下载进程，进程号[%d].' % getpid())
    print('开始下载%s...' % filename)
    time_to_download = randint(5, 10)
    sleep(time_to_download)
    print('%s下载完成! 耗费了%d秒' % (filename, time_to_download))


def main():
    start = time()
    p1 = Process(target=download_task, args=('Python从入门到住院.pdf', ))
    p1.start()
    p2 = Process(target=download_task, args=('Peking Hot.avi', ))
    p2.start()
    p1.join()
    p2.join()
    end = time()
    print('总共耗费了%.2f秒.' % (end - start))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
    
    
运行结果：
启动下载进程，进程号[1530].
开始下载 Python从入门到住院.pdf...
启动下载进程，进程号[1531].
开始下载 Peking Hot.avi...
Peking Hot.avi下载完成! 耗费了7秒
Python从入门到住院.pdf下载完成! 耗费了10秒
总共耗费了10.01秒.

import os

print('Process (%s) start...' % os.getpid())
# Only works on Unix/Linux/Mac
pid = os.fork()
if pid == 0:
    print('I am child process (%s) and my parent is %s.' % (os.getpid(), os.getppid()))
else:
    print('I (%s) just created a child process (%s).' % (os.getpid(), pid))
    
Process (876) start...
I (876) just created a child process (877).
I am child process (877) and my parent is 876.

from multiprocessing import Process
import os

# 子进程要执行的代码
def run_proc(name):
    print('Run child process %s (%s)...' % (name, os.getpid()))

if __name__=='__main__':
    print('Parent process %s.' % os.getpid())
    p = Process(target=run_proc, args=('test',))
    print('Child process will start.')
    p.start()
    p.join()
    print('Child process end.')
    

执行结果如下：
Parent process 928.
Child process will start.
Run child process test (929)...
Child process end.

from multiprocessing import Pool
import os, time, random

def long_time_task(name):
    print('Run task %s (%s)...' % (name, os.getpid()))
    start = time.time()
    time.sleep(random.random() * 3)
    end = time.time()
    print('Task %s runs %0.2f seconds.' % (name, (end - start)))

if __name__=='__main__':
    print('Parent process %s.' % os.getpid())
    p = Pool(4)
    for i in range(5):
        p.apply_async(long_time_task, args=(i,))
    print('Waiting for all subprocesses done...')
    p.close()
    p.join()
    print('All subprocesses done.')
    
执行结果如下：
Parent process 669.
Waiting for all subprocesses done...
Run task 0 (671)...
Run task 1 (672)...
Run task 2 (673)...
Run task 3 (674)...
Task 2 runs 0.14 seconds.
Run task 4 (673)...
Task 1 runs 0.27 seconds.
Task 3 runs 0.86 seconds.
Task 0 runs 1.41 seconds.
Task 4 runs 1.91 seconds.
All subprocesses done.

from multiprocessing import Process, Queue
import os, time, random

# 写数据进程执行的代码:
def write(q):
    print('Process to write: %s' % os.getpid())
    for value in ['A', 'B', 'C']:
        print('Put %s to queue...' % value)
        q.put(value)
        time.sleep(random.random())

# 读数据进程执行的代码:
def read(q):
    print('Process to read: %s' % os.getpid())
    while True:
        value = q.get(True)
        print('Get %s from queue.' % value)

if __name__=='__main__':
    # 父进程创建Queue，并传给各个子进程：
    q = Queue()
    pw = Process(target=write, args=(q,))
    pr = Process(target=read, args=(q,))
    # 启动子进程pw，写入:
    pw.start()
    # 启动子进程pr，读取:
    pr.start()
    # 等待pw结束:
    pw.join()
    # pr进程里是死循环，无法等待其结束，只能强行终止:
    pr.terminate()
    
执行结果如下：
Process to write: 50563
Put A to queue...
Process to read: 50564
Get A from queue.
Put B to queue...
Get B from queue.
Put C to queue...
Get C from queue.